Indonesia is ramping up efforts to control online content amidst a surge in internet usage, sparking concerns over freedom of expression and human rights. The latest move involves revising a 2002 broadcasting law to impose stringent regulations on digital platforms, targeting content related to LGBTQIA issues.
The proposed amendments, announced in May, seek to restrict content depicting LGBTQIA “behavior” and any material deemed to promote “negative behaviors or lifestyles.” These measures extend across social media, digital platforms, and television networks, threatening fines and license cancellations for violations. Critics argue that the vague language of the bill could severely curtail freedom of expression, particularly on sensitive topics such as LGBTQIA rights.
Yovantra Arief, executive director of media research outlet Remotivi, voiced concerns about the broad implications of the bill. “Freedom of expression on the internet will be very limited,” Arief warned, highlighting potential censorship of content related to violence, LGBTQIA issues, and drugs, even if such content serves educational purposes.
The legislative move has sparked widespread criticism and protests from journalists, digital rights activists, and the public across Indonesia. They fear a rollback of democratic freedoms and an increase in authoritarian measures akin to past regimes, such as the era of former president Suharto, known for heavy media censorship.
Andreas Harsono of Human Rights Watch condemned the bill as a threat to democracy and human rights, pointing out its potential to stifle investigative journalism and criticism of government policies. “This shows the government’s increasing inclination toward fundamentalism and authoritarianism,” Harsono remarked, underscoring the bill’s potential impact on dissenting voices and independent media.
Indonesia, with its large and growing online population, poses a significant market for global social media platforms like Facebook, YouTube, and TikTok. However, authorities have tightened controls in recent years, implementing laws to remove content deemed unlawful or disruptive to public order. The Indonesia Broadcasting Commission (KPI) already enforces strict censorship on television and film content, including blurring images deemed inappropriate for audiences.
The government’s latest move includes plans to establish a council to monitor and regulate “disturbing” social media content, signaling a tightening grip on digital platforms. Minister of Communication and Information Technology Budi Arie Setiadi has pledged to hold platforms accountable and block those that fail to comply with local regulations, such as prohibitions on pornography.
Evi Mariani, co-founder of Project Multatuli, expressed concerns that the bill could threaten not only journalists but also ordinary citizens who use social media to express dissenting views. Mariani emphasized the potential impact on freedom of expression, particularly for marginalized communities, including queer individuals who rely on online platforms for visibility and acceptance.
Suzie Handajani, a professor at Universitas Gadjah Mada, highlighted the crucial role of social media in providing queer communities with spaces to express their identities and advocate for their rights in a challenging social climate. Handajani noted that the proposed restrictions could further marginalize LGBTQIA individuals, limiting their ability to seek support and recognition online.
As Indonesia moves forward with its legislative agenda, the debate intensifies over the balance between security concerns, cultural norms, and fundamental rights. Critics argue that while regulation may aim to maintain social order, it risks stifling diversity of opinion and silencing voices critical to democratic discourse. The outcome of these developments will have profound implications for the future of internet freedom and human rights in Indonesia.